45. 海洋画家展览。。。法国海军联盟。。。为动员起来的海员救济委员会` Exposition des peintres de la mer . . . á la Ligue Navale française . . . au profit des Comités de Secours aux Marins Mobilisés (1917) by André Verdilhan 高清作品[28%]

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Exposition des peintres de la mer . . . á la Ligue Navale française . . . au profit des Comités de Secours aux Marins Mobilisés (1917) -

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海洋画家展览。。。法国海军联盟。。。为动员起来的海员救济委员会-安德烈·威尔迪汉

~ Exposition des peintres de la mer . . . á la Ligue Navale française . . . au profit des Comités de Secours aux Marins Mobilisés (1917) --André Verdilhan (法国艺术家, 1881-1963)

48. 烟斗组合,狼人首领的吸烟器具,曼丹的首席民事首领`Portfolio of Pipes, Smoking Apparatus of Wolf Chief, Head Civil Chief of the Mandan by George Catlin 高清作品[27%]

AF-Portfolio of Pipes, Smoking Apparatus of Wolf Chief, Head Civil Chief of the Mandan

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烟斗组合,狼人首领的吸烟器具,曼丹的首席民事首领-卡特林

-A selection of Indian pipes in “Catlin’s North 美国艺术家 Indian Collection”.
The males amongst the North 美国艺术家 Indians all smoke, using instead of tobacco, several narcotics, such as inner bark of Red Willow, sumach leaves & c. which they call “k’nick-k’neck”, when it is prepared for smoking; to which, when they can get it, they add a small portion of tobacco.
Each man manufactures his own pipe, the bowl of which is generally carved in spar, in marble, stealite or potstone, found in their countries.
Pipes amongst the Am Indians are not only matters of luxury in the hands of all private individuals, where they are always emblems of peace and tendered as friendly salutations; but are kept in all tribes by the chiefs, as instruments for solemnizing Treaties; in which case they are public property considered sacred, and denominated “Calumets”, (or pipe of peace).